In today’s business climate, reorganizations have become the norm rather than the exception. Companies shift structure to respond to market changes, streamline costs, adopt new technologies, or realign with strategy. But while the headlines focus on job cuts or new leadership, one critical factor often overlooked in the success or failure of a reorganization is managerial span of control : the number of direct reports assigned to each manager. When companies get this wrong, they risk derailing even the best-planned structural change. When they get it right, the results include faster decision-making, improved employee engagement, and better execution of strategic goals. So how do the most successful companies handle this delicate balance during a reorg? The Pitfalls of Overloading Managers The pressure to do more with less can tempt organizations to increase the number of employees reporting directly to each manager. After all, fewer managers mean lower salary overhead, less bureaucracy, and theoretically, a leaner, faster organization. But research consistently shows that increasing a manager’s span of control beyond a certain point leads to declining effectiveness , both for the manager and their team. According to a comprehensive study by Bain & Company, companies with top-quartile performance in productivity and employee engagement tend to cap manager spans at no more than 7 to 10 direct reports , depending on the complexity of the work and the level of autonomy of the team. Beyond this range, several problems begin to surface: Decreased coaching and development time: With too many direct reports, managers struggle to provide regular feedback or support individual growth. Slower decision-making: Managers become bottlenecks as more team members wait for approvals or guidance. Increased burnout: Overloaded managers report higher levels of stress, disengagement, and turnover. Reduced innovation: Less time for strategic thinking means less opportunity to solve problems creatively or improve team performance. Harvard Business Review echoes this concern, noting that “as spans widen, the average quality of management and leadership drops,” especially in knowledge-driven or high-complexity work environments. Span of Control: One Size Doesn’t Fit All So what’s the right number? The answer depends on context , and smart companies know that not all roles, teams, or business units require the same structure. Key variables include: Task complexity: Teams doing routine, repeatable work (like call centers or transactional processing) can operate effectively with spans as wide as 15-20 direct reports. In contrast, research and development teams often require narrower spans due to higher collaboration and oversight needs. Employee experience: Highly experienced, autonomous employees require less hands-on supervision, allowing for broader spans. Manager capability: Not all managers are equally equipped to handle large teams. Leadership training, experience, and support systems (like team leads or AI tools) can influence optimal span. Organizational culture: Companies with strong cultures of self-management and clear accountability structures may tolerate wider spans without performance drops. A 2023 McKinsey report emphasizes this variability, stating, “Leading companies tailor spans of control by role and level, not by arbitrary benchmarks.” Case in Point: Reorg Success Stories Let’s look at a few organizations that have successfully navigated reorgs by paying close attention to managerial spans: 1. Microsoft During Satya Nadella’s early tenure as CEO, Microsoft underwent a major organizational overhaul to break down silos and improve collaboration. A key part of the strategy was flattening the org , but not indiscriminately. Nadella emphasized “clarity of purpose” and invested heavily in leadership development to ensure managers were ready to handle broader spans only where appropriate. The result? Productivity rose, engagement improved, and innovation accelerated across product teams. 2. Procter & Gamble (P&G) P&G restructured in the early 2010s to reduce costs and improve agility. Rather than simply cutting layers, the company also reassessed manager-to-employee ratios by function. In areas like finance, where standard processes prevail, spans increased. In innovation and marketing roles, they were kept tight to preserve creativity and oversight. The tailored approach helped P&G maintain performance through a major shift. 3. Spotify Famous for its “squad” model, Spotify empowers small autonomous teams with clear leadership support. Managers, often called Chapter Leads, have limited spans to ensure close mentorship and skill development within specific technical domains. This model has supported Spotify’s growth while preserving agility and innovation. Practical Guidance for Leaders Planning a Reorg If your company is considering, or currently navigating, a reorganization, here are five evidence-based principles to keep in mind: 1. Start with the work, not the structure Begin by analyzing the actual tasks teams are responsible for. How complex is the work? How interdependent are the roles? What level of oversight is needed? Design the structure around the needs of the work, not arbitrary span targets. 2. Avoid flattening without a function Flattening layers can reduce costs, but it can also create chaos if not executed thoughtfully. Ensure that wider spans are matched with the right capabilities, tools, and cultural support. 3. Invest in manager readiness If you do decide to widen spans, ensure your managers are trained in time management, delegation, coaching, and the use of technology. Even experienced managers can falter without support. 4. Use data to monitor and adjust Keep track of KPIs like employee engagement, turnover, decision speed, and manager satisfaction post-reorg. These can provide early warning signs if spans are too wide or teams are struggling. 5. Communicate clearly and consistently Structural changes can breed uncertainty. Communicate not just what is changing, but why, and how it will improve the experience for both managers and their teams. Structure Should Enable Strategy A reorganization is not just a reshuffling of boxes on an org chart, it’s an opportunity to realign your workforce with your business goals. But even the most visionary strategy will falter if leaders are overwhelmed, disengaged, or unsupported. As the research shows, successful reorgs pay close attention to the human factor. Avoiding overly wide spans of control is not about bureaucracy; it’s about enabling leaders to lead .

Controller ABOUT THE COMPANY Pacific Realty Associates, L.P. (“PacTrust” or the “Firm”) is a fully integrated real estate development and investment firm based in Portland, Oregon. PacTrust has been active in commercial real estate for more than 50 years and is among the largest real estate developers and investment property owners in the Pacific Northwest. The Firm’s real estate portfolio consists of industrial, industrial/flex, office, retail, hospitality, and agricultural properties, with assets in the Pacific Northwest, California, Texas, and Maryland. www.pactrust.com. THE ROLE PacTrust is seeking a Controller to join its corporate headquarters in Portland, Oregon, reporting directly to the Chief Financial Officer. The candidate will be a key member of the team and be responsible for overseeing all financial accounting, debt reporting & compliance, treasury, financial planning & analysis, tax planning, and filing. Additionally, the candidate will collaborate with the Firm’s investment and asset management teams and will be involved with the operations of the business, specifically related to budget and forecast analysis. Qualified candidates must be self-motivated, extremely detail-oriented, organized, and intellectually curious, and must have deep experience working with and managing teams. The Controller must also embrace the Firm’s collaborative and positive culture, be an effective multitasker, and be comfortable working with and supporting various departments and functions. The Firm benefits from a strong, long-standing capital structure with established policies and procedures, but the Controller will be a key member of the Senior Management team tasked with guiding the Firm into the future and growing the business. The Controller will manage a team of accountants, with additional headcount potentially added in the future based on growth and/or reporting needs. RESPONSIBILITIES The Controller will lead the Firm in the following areas: Financial Accounting & Reporting Manage monthly and quarterly financial statement preparation and related reports and projections. Prepare subsidiary financials and review monthly financial packages from joint-venture partners. Review and approve various balance sheet account reconciliations. Oversee fixed asset accounting and maintain all depreciation schedules within the Firm’s Fixed Asset System (Sage). Prepare valuation support schedules and related reports for quarterly fair value accounting purposes. Set up and manage construction jobs in the Firm’s ERP system (Yardi) to ensure appropriate capitalization of development expenses. Treasury: Ensure the Firm’s cash disbursement and cash management controls are appropriately adhered to and adequately documented. Prepare cashflow forecasts and monitor cash receipts to ensure sufficient liquidity at all times. Administer the Firm’s credit card platform (US Bank) and process daily ACH clearings and vendor updates. Administer the Firm’s cash disbursement system (SinglePoint) and setup/approve ACH, book, and wire transfers. Financial Planning & Analysis: Prepare annual budgets for the Firm’s operating company and managing member entities, with monthly forecast updates. Tax Planning & Filing: Coordinate annual tax return preparation with the Firm’s third-party tax advisor (Deloitte) and ensure all filing requirements are satisfied. Prepare tax work papers for the various entities under management. Prepare quarterly estimated taxable income projections and estimated required tax payments. Prepare and process personal property tax filings for various jurisdictions, as required. Process tenant association tax returns, where applicable. Team Leadership & Development: Lead, mentor, and develop a high-performing accounting team. Foster a culture of continuous improvement, promoting efficiency, accuracy, and best practices. Manage performance, establish clear development goals, and provide ongoing coaching for team members. Other: Coordinate annual audit with the Firm’s third-party auditor (Deloitte) and oversee preparation of audit workpapers. Prepare, on an annual basis, lease analysis files for each park with corresponding updates in Yardi as necessary. EDUCATION, EXPERIENCE & SKILLS REQUIRED Education Bachelor’s Degree in Accounting or Finance required CPA strongly preferred. Knowledge & Experience 10+ years of professional experience with prior controller or similar experience required. Experience with commercial real estate and real estate development accounting and reporting is preferred. Working knowledge of real estate valuation frameworks (discounted cash flow, cap rates, etc.) and financial concepts is preferred. Working knowledge of real estate development and asset management functions is preferred. Working knowledge of tax concepts and considerations as they relate to commercial real estate investment and legal entity structuring is preferred. Skills & Abilities Proven track record of building and managing high-functioning teams. Impeccable integrity and honesty. Exceptional analytical, problem-solving, and strategic thinking abilities. Collaborative and effective team player. Proficient with ERP systems and MS Office Suite. Yardi experience a plus. Excellent interpersonal, oral, and written communication skills; strong presentation skills. Initiative-taker with high energy and commitment to work within a dynamic, collaborative and entrepreneurial environment. Strong business writing skills. Ability to build and manage strong relationships internally and externally. Accountable to deadlines with the ability to manage and prioritize work. PacTrust is an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, genetic information, sexual orientation, gender identity, status as a protected veteran, or status as a qualified individual with a disability, or any other characteristic protected by applicable Federal, State, or Local law. Interested in Learning More? 180one has been retained by PacTrust to manage this search. If interested in learning more about the opportunity, please contact Lisa Heffernan / 971.256.3076/ lisa@180one.com .